The Oku people are related to the Krio and primarily reside in the communities of Fourah Bay, Fula Town, and Aberdeen in Freetown. She employed her capacity for friendly communications to persuade the British to give her control of the Kpaa Mende chiefdom. [citation needed]. Most of the Mosques and Islamic schools across Sierra Leone are based in Sunni Islam. [28] The use of iron was adopted by the ninth century, and by 1000 AD, agriculture was being practised along the coast. [156] To ensure that the Energy Africa goal is met, Sierra Leone has agreed to remove its import duties and Value Added Tax (VAT) on certified solar products. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. [21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. Some of that is smuggled, where it is possibly used for money laundering or financing illicit activities. Several mudslides occurred in the early hours of 14 August 2017 in and near the country's capital Freetown. There are several main internet service providers (ISPs) operating in the country. 4043. The Western Area is divided into two districts. Kabbah's presidency marked the dawn of a new Sierra Leone, which included the end of the civil war in 2002, a focus on fostering national unity and reconciliation, trust in government, peace and stability, the improvement in relations with many countries, and the refounding of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces with special assistance and training led by the Government of the United Kingdom. The small but significant Krio people (descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in Freetown between 1787 and about 1885) make up about 3% of the population. Freetown was known as the "Athens of Africa" due to the large number of excellent schools in Freetown and surrounding areas. The APC currently has 68 of the 132 elected parliamentary seats and the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) has 49 of the elected 132 parliamentary seats. Additionally, a significant part of Sierra Leones history can be ascribed to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra, a Portuguese Explorer. [99] On 16 March 2016, the World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone to be free from Ebola.[100]. In September 2014 there were many Districts with travel restrictions including Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, and Port Loko because of Ebola. agreement & 5 others, Sierra Leone admits to low supply of fuel, Sierra Leone: Audit reveals corrupt practice in defence, agriculture, education, police, Sacked Sierra Leone VP takes case to ECOWAS Court, Sierra Leone detains top football officials, Sierra Leone electoral commission to start boundary delimitation, Sierra Leone Parliament challenges Disaster Bill, Sierra Leone Court Martial, defence rejects president, SANUSI COVID-19 indices update (09/12/20). [160] This initiative falls under the Energy Africa access campaign which seeks to provide electricity to 14 different African countries by 2030. Radio is the most popular and most-trusted media in Sierra Leone, with 85% of people having access to a radio and 72% of people in the country listening to the radio daily. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees its also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). Sierra Leoneans did not passively accept such manipulations. [103] As a result of migration to cities, the population is becoming more urban with an estimated rate of urbanisation growth of 2.9% a year. Overfishing is also an issue in Sierra Leone. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims at over 85%; with a significant Christian minority at about 10%. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. There are several systems of transport in Sierra Leone, which has a road, air and water infrastructure, including a network of highways and several airports. The British were the catalyst for the ceasefire that ended the civil war. Those with access in rural areas were served almost exclusively by protected wells. Taylor's aim was for the RUF to attack the bases of Nigerian dominated peacekeeping troops in Sierra Leone who were opposed to his rebel movement in Liberia. Like Stevens, Momoh was also a member of the minority Limba ethnic group. [1] [2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. Inland from the coastal plain is the interior plains region. Poyo is a popular Sierra Leonean drink. [25], Archaeological finds show that Sierra Leone has been inhabited continuously for at least 2,500 years;[27] populated successively by societies who migrated from other parts of Africa. [158] There have been strong pushes for both solar and hydropower to become the dominant sources of energy in Sierra Leone because of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goal number seven (affordable and clean energy). Prior to 2017, the area of the North West Province was included in the Northern Province, and its cumulative area measured 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles). Primary education is free and compulsory in government-sponsored public schools. The Sierra Leone Islamic Supreme Council is the highest Islamic religious organisation in Sierra Leone and is made up of the country's Imams, Islamic scholars, and other Islamic clerics across the country. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. [234] During the Civil War (19912002), many soldiers took part in atrocities and many children were forced to fight. DuBois, Marc, and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). Sierra Leone,[note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. Be the first to get the latest news, music and videos trending in Sierra Leone. The current acting chief justice of Sierra Leone is Desmond Babatunde Edwards. Habitat degradation for the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus, has been increased, such that this canid is deemed to have been extirpated in Sierra Leone. Other courts include the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, the magistrate courts, and traditional courts in rural villages. With the Eastern Province, this is one of two provinces in the country without a coastline. The Mende, who are believed to be descendants of the Mane,[citation needed] originally occupied the Liberian hinterland. [158] As a result, the commercialisation of firewood and coal has been a point of contention with aid donors and government agencies such as the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources and the Forestry Division. The area is a peninsula and contains Freetown, the capital city of the country. [79] It is difficult to avoid the economic paralysis in Sierra Leone given that more than half of the population in the country is women. He was neither corrupt nor did he make a lavish display of his power or status. Thomas Peters pressed British authorities for relief and more aid; together with British abolitionist John Clarkson, the Sierra Leone Company was established to relocate Black Loyalists who wanted to take their chances in West Africa. They primarily occupy the capital city of Freetown and its surrounding Western Area. These provinces are then divided into 16 districts, which are further divided into 190 chiefdoms. The Vai are largely Muslim majority at about 90%, while the Kru are virtually all Christians at over 99%. Other minority ethnic groups are the Kuranko, who are related to the Mandingo and are largely Muslims. Until 2017, there were only three Sierra Leone provinces, and there were previously fewer districts and chiefdoms as well. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. [165], English is the official language,[166] spoken at schools, government administration and in the media. [124] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[125]. [215] Teacher training colleges and religious seminaries are found in many parts of the country. The city is governed by an elected city council and is headed by a Mayor. The Western Area is divided into two districts. Below you can find a map of Sierra Leone provinces: Sierra Leone is divided into five units as the highest level administrative division. [61] The British established Fourah Bay College in 1827, which rapidly became a magnet for English-speaking Africans on the West Coast. He also endeavoured to change Sierra Leone from a democracy to a one-party state. Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. [160] This change will attempt to encourage foreign investment while providing affordable, quality solar products to its citizens. As of the 2015 census, Port Loko District has a population of 614,063. Other figures are estimates from the source cited. Located in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone is Kenema which is also the biggest city in the province and the third largest city in the country. The war was later known as the Hut Tax War. One of the top-ranking soldiers in the NPRC Junta, Lieutenant Sahr Sandy, a trusted ally of Strasser, was assassinated, allegedly by Major S.I.M. After they established Granville Town, most of the first group of colonists died, owing to disease and warfare with the indigenous African peoples (Temne), who resisted their encroachment. The Mende are also Muslim majority at about 70%, though with a large Christian minority at about 30%. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. After the execution of Bangura, a group of soldiers loyal to the executed general held a mutiny in Freetown and other parts of the country in opposition to Stevens' government. The constitution of Sierra Leone provides for freedom of religion and the Sierra Leone Government generally protects it. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. In December 2005, UN peacekeeping forces pulled out of Sierra Leone. There are 11,300 kilometres (7,000 miles) of highways in Sierra Leone, of which 904km (562mi)[103] are paved (about 8% of the roads). The coastal swamp region extends along the Atlantic for about 200 miles (320 km). The current Inspector General of Police is Brima Acha Kamara, who was appointed to the position by former president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. The African country of Sierra Leone is divided into five major areas. [107] Mining and slash and burn for land conversion such as cattle grazing dramatically diminished forested land in Sierra Leone since the 1980s. The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. Fourteen clubs from across the country compete in the Sierra Leone Premier League. Tony Blair, the Prime Minister of Britain at the time of the British intervention, is regarded as a hero by the people of Sierra Leone, many of whom are keen for more British involvement.[95]. . The Sierra Leonean Government is constitutionally forbidden from establishing a state religion, though Muslim and Christian prayers are usually held in the country at the beginning of major political occasions, including presidential inaugurations and the official opening of the new session of Parliament. Domestic slavery, which continued to be practised by local African elites, was abolished in 1928. It also borders Liberia and each of Sierra Leones five administrative regions. In 1995 Defence Headquarters was established, and the Sierra Leone Air Wing formed. [255] As of 2013[update] Sierra Leone is ranked 61st (up two slots from 63rd in 2012) out of 179 countries on Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index. Located in the Eastern Province is Koidu Town which is not only the largest city in that province but the capital of Kono District which rich in diamond. Samuel Ajayi Crowther was the first student to be enrolled at Fourah Bay. His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. The report indicated that the country's just . Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. The army was devoted to Bangura, and this made him potentially dangerous to Stevens. Sierra Leone appears on the EU list of prohibited countries with regard to the certification of airlines. The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. Until 1906, Madam Yoko ruled as a paramount chief in the new British Protectorate. Sierra Leone had its own parliament and its own prime minister, and had the ability to make 100% of its own laws, however, as with countries such as Canada and Australia, Sierra Leone remained a "Dominion" and Queen Elizabeth was Queen of the independent Dominion of Sierra Leone. The names of the four provinces are straightforward and related to their geographical position: The Western Area contains the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown. Many Liberated Africans were treated poorly and even abused because some of the original settlers considered them their property. Momoh broke from former President Siaka Stevens by integrating the powerful SSD into the Sierra Leone Police as a special paramilitary force. [21] "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a key debate topic and this quickly became a point of national discussion. Found inside - Page 93The Kissi are one of the oldest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, . Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. This polygon shapefile contains the boundary of Sierra Leone (adm0). The report indicated that the countrys just-concluded first digital census proves that the nations population is Seven million, five hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and two (7,548,702). However, Karefa-Smart failed to receive broad support within the SLPP in his attempt to oust Albert Margai as both the leader of the SLPP and Prime Minister. The interior contains a variety of landforms ranging from savanna-covered low plains to rocky scarp and hill country. The monopoly was scheduled to last 98 years. The Lumley-Aberdeen beach stretches all the way from Cape Sierra Leone down to Lumley. [159] Amongst all these projects, both finished and potential, the Bumbuna dam still remains the largest of the hydroelectric projects in Sierra Leone. The most widely spoken language among different ethnic groups in the city is Krio. The Hidden Discrimination Against American Roma, The 10 Largest Football Stadiums in the World (Soccer). The capital of this province is Kenema, which is the economic center of the region and one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the country. The population of Bo is estimated at about 233,684 . The highlands rise up to 700 feet, and are the highest in Sambaia Bendugu chiefdom. Media in Sierra Leone began with the introduction of the first printing press in Africa at the start of the 19th century. [1][2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. After Pedro da Cintras discovery, foreign influence in the area increased and trade commenced between the locals and Europeans in the form of a barter system. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). Sierra Leone's tropical climate, heavy annual rainfall, and abundance of rivers give it the potential to realistically pursue more solar and hydropower alternatives. [176] Most of Sierra Leone's ethnic groups are Muslim majority, including the country's two largest ethnic groups: the Mende and Temne. There is a huge police presence inside and outside the national stadium during a match between the two great rivals to prevent a clash. [242], 37 per cent of married women in Sierra Leone were in polygamous marriages in 2008. The Fula are virtually all Muslims at over 99%. In early August 2014 Sierra Leone cancelled league football (soccer) matches because of the Ebola epidemic. It is by far the most populous district in the country with a population of 1,050,301 and is located in the Western Area of the country. Cut off from their various homelands and traditions, the Liberated Africans were forced to assimilate to the Western styles of Settlers and Maroons. [209], In Sierra Leone, normally, men are automatically positioned as household heads; and their status does not change if their marital status changes over time. Ahmadiyya Muslims make up about 10% of the country's Muslim population. The population of all Sierra Leonean cities and urban localities with more than 7.000 inhabitants according to census results. She used diplomacy to communicate with many local chiefs who did not trust her friendship with the British. Its members represented both British who hoped to inspire local entrepreneurs and those with interest in the Macauley & Babington Company, which held the (British) monopoly on Sierra Leone trade. [66] Bureh surrendered on 11 November 1898 to end the destruction of his people's territory and dwellings. Sierra Leone, along with Liberia, Ivory Coast and Guinea, form the Mano River Union (MRU). Since 1985, the nation did not conduct any census for 19 years. On 29 March 1970, Brigadier Bangura was executed by hanging in Freetown. Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. Females, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs of depression and anxiety. Port Loko, the capital city of this province, was named for the Loko people and was established by Portuguese merchants. In 1978, the APC-dominant parliament approved a new constitution making the country a one-party state. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. The city of Bo, also called Bo Town, is the economic hub of the Southern Province and Sierra Leones second-largest city. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. Mineral exports remain the main currency earner. [119] The United Kingdom has played a major role in providing aid to the former colony, together with administrative help and military training since intervening to end the Civil War in 2000. Sherbro also sent fighters to assist Bai Bureh in the fight against the British. It is a flat, low-lying, and frequently flooded plain that is between 5 and 25 miles (8 and 40 km) wide and is composed mainly of sands and clays. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. The current president is Julius Maada Bio. [29] Over time, the climate changed considerably, altering boundaries between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest. Area figures are derived from geospatial data. Instead, it borders two domestic provinces and the Atlantic Ocean. Sierra Leone's national politics centres on the competition between the north-west, dominated by the Temne, and the south-east dominated by the Mende. [39] However, on the voyage between Plymouth, England and Sierra Leone, seventy European girlfriends and wives accompanied the Black Poor settlers. One of the first ethnic groups to become educated according to Western traditions, they have traditionally been appointed to positions in the civil service, beginning during the colonial years. Rich in minerals, Sierra Leone has relied on mining, especially diamonds, for its economic base. The judicial power of Sierra Leone is vested in the judiciary, headed by the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone and comprising the Supreme Court of Sierra Leone, which is the highest court in the country, meaning that its rulings, therefore, cannot be appealed against. Native to Sierra Leone, they have occupied Sherbro Island since it was founded. It is estimated that there will be a 30% to 40% cost reduction on solar products with the lack of duties and taxes. [187] The United Council of Imams, is an influential Islamic religious body in Sierra Leone, that is made up of all imams of mosques throughout Sierra Leone. After nine months in office, the junta was overthrown by the Nigerian-led ECOMOG forces, and the democratically elected government of president Kabbah was reinstated in February 1998. The Kuranko are believed to have begun arriving in Sierra Leone from Guinea in about 1600 and settled in the north, particularly in Koinadugu District. Pressures to end colonialism had as much to do with Britains weakened position following World War II as it did with the pan-African demands for autonomy. [133][134] In total, there are 19 local councils: 13 district councils, one for each of the 12 districts and one for the Western Area Rural, and six municipalities also have elected local councils. With the emergence of the slave trade, human trafficking became the major commodity and indigenes were sold as slaves. With a new decentralisation policy, embodied in the Local Government Act of 2004, responsibility for water supply in areas outside the capital was passed from the central government to local councils. The Sierra Leone constitution guarantees freedom of speech, and freedom of the press; however, the government maintains strong control of media, and at times restricts these rights in practice. Located in the Northern Province is Makeni city which is the capital of Bombali district and the largest city and economic center in the Province. These Police Commissioners report directly to the Inspector General of Police at the Sierra Leone Police headquarters in Freetown. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sierra Leone is located in this province: Outamba-Kilimi National Park. The six municipalities include Freetown, which functions as the local government for the Western Area Urban District, and Bo, Bonthe, Kenema, Koidu, and Makeni.[133][135][136]. The southern front, consisting mostly of Mende people, entered the conflict somewhat later, for other reasons. Children, youth and adult are frequently seen playing street football across Sierra Leone. A strong free journalistic tradition developed with the creation of several newspapers. The situation in the country deteriorated to such an extent that British troops were deployed in Operation Palliser, originally simply to evacuate foreign nationals. The other airports have unpaved runways, and seven have runways from 914 to 1,523 metres (2,999 to 4,997 feet) long; the remaining two have shorter runways. In August 2007, Sierra Leone held presidential and parliamentary elections. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. In November 1968, unrest in the provinces led Stevens to declare a state of emergency across the country. [32], European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa during the 15th century. Under the pressure of several coup attempts, real or perceived, Stevens' rule grew more and more authoritarian, and his relationship with some of his ardent supporters deteriorated. "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. The report indicated that the countrys just-concluded first digital census proves that the nations population is Seven million, five hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and two (7,548,702). The service began broadcasting television in 1963, with coverage extended to all the districts in the country in 1978. Several prominent members of the Momoh government who had been in detention at the Pa Demba Road prison, including former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, were also executed.[91]. Corporal Sankoh was convicted and jailed for seven years at the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown. The Kissi live further inland in South-Eastern Sierra Leone. [38] Many of these Loyalists had been slaves who had escaped to join the British, lured by promises of freedom (emancipation). The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "tens of thousands" of Sierra Leoneans in the Protectorate.[67]. It has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but participated in the 1994 and 1996 African Cup of Nations. Poyo bars are areas of lively informal debate about politics, football, basketball, entertainment and other issues. The districts are further divided into a total of 190 (prior to 2017, 149) chiefdoms,[1] whose elected leaders provided most of local government from 1896 to 2004, when they were supplemented by elected local councils. Schools, government administration and in the country in 1978, the 10 football! 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